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1.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 29(1): e290109, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012772

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo analisa as percepções do estigma da hanseníase pelas mulheres que vivem no Vale do Jequitinhonha, em Minas Gerais. A produção está associada às marcas individuais e à interpretação social destas, sob a forma de rótulos que identifiquem o doente. Tal marca subentende a própria visão do indivíduo acometido que, no caso estudado, está relacionada à exclusão social, à pobreza e à religiosidade. Para compreender o estigma em meio à estruturação de serviços de saúde e trabalhos de informação das equipes de saúde, foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres, sendo todas portadoras ou ex-portadoras da doença. As dificuldades de relacionamento com os serviços, com o próprio corpo, com a família, assim como a relação da doença com aspectos místicos e religiosos, são categorias analíticas que emergiram da pesquisa. O estigma manifesto em situações isoladas, e sob a decisão do indivíduo.


Abstract This article analyzes the perceptions of the stigma of leprosy by women living in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais. This production is associated with the individual's marks and their social interpretation, in the form of labels which identify the patient. Such marks imply the own vision of the affected person who, in the case studied, is related to social exclusion, poverty and religiosity. To understand this stigma among the structuring of health services and information work of the health teams, interviews were conducted with women, all of whom were carriers or former carriers of the disease. The difficulties of relationship with services, their own bodies, with their families, as well as the relationship of the disease with mystical and religious aspects are analytical categories that emerged from this research. The stigma manifested in isolated situations, and under the individual's decision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Social Isolation , Women/history , Delivery of Health Care , Social Stigma , Interpersonal Relations , Leprosy/complications , Brazil , Qualitative Research
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(1): 86-94, 03/02/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741617

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma cruzi strains from distinct geographic areas show differences in drug resistance and association between parasites genetic and treatment response has been observed. Considering that benznidazole (BZ) can reduce the parasite burden and tissues damage, even in not cured animals and individuals, the goal is to assess the drug response to BZ of T. cruzi II strains isolated from children of the Jequitinhonha Valley, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, before treatment. Mice infected and treated with BZ in both phases of infection were compared with the untreated and evaluated by fresh blood examination, haemoculture, polymerase chain reaction, conventional (ELISA) and non-conventional (FC-ALTA) serologies. In mice treated in the acute phase, a significant decrease in parasitaemia was observed for all strains. Positive parasitological and/or serological tests in animals treated during the acute and chronic (95.1-100%) phases showed that most of the strains were BZ resistant. However, beneficial effect was demonstrated because significant reduction (p < 0.05%) and/or suppression of parasitaemia was observed in mice infected with all strains (acute phase), associated to reduction/elimination of inflammation and fibrosis for two/eight strains. BZ offered some benefit, even in not cured animals, what suggest that BZ use may be recommended at least for recent chronic infection of the studied region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Discovery , Industrial Waste/analysis , Nootropic Agents/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Shoots/chemistry , Stilbenes/isolation & purification , Vitis/chemistry , Agriculture/economics , Amyloid beta-Peptides/antagonists & inhibitors , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Benzofurans/analysis , Benzofurans/chemistry , Benzofurans/economics , Benzofurans/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , France , Industrial Waste/economics , Molecular Structure , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents/economics , Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Nootropic Agents/chemistry , Nootropic Agents/economics , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Protein Aggregation, Pathological , Peptide Fragments/antagonists & inhibitors , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/economics , Plant Extracts/economics , Protein Aggregates/drug effects , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Stereoisomerism , Stilbenes/analysis , Stilbenes/chemistry , Stilbenes/economics , Stilbenes/pharmacology
3.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 30(2): 445-463, jul.-dez. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699948

ABSTRACT

A agricultura familiar é um segmento fundamental para o abastecimento alimentar, a geração de ocupações e a conservação das culturas próprias do rural brasileiro. De acordo com vários autores, a continuidade desse segmento de agricultores tem sido ameaçada pela grande emigração de jovens em decorrência de transformações ocorridas no urbano e no rural. Este artigo analisa tal situação em dois municípios do Alto Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais - região fortemente marcada pela presença da agricultura familiar -, investigando as trajetórias emigratórias de duas gerações de agricultores. Os resultados indicam mudanças no padrão sucessório, nos níveis de escolaridade e na dinâmica tradicional de capacitação de jovens, o que influi nos percursos e na inserção dos migrantes no mercado de trabalho. O artigo conclui que, comparativamente à geração anterior, um menor número de jovens permanece no rural. Mas isto não coloca em risco a reprodução da unidade familiar, pois continuam a existir sucessores, embora estes tendam a assumir a unidade produtiva com mais idade e escolaridade do que a geração anterior.


Family farming is a key sector for supplying food, generating employment and maintaining traditional cultures in the Brazilian countryside. According to several authors, the reproduction of family farming is threatened by the emigration of young people, due to current changes in urban and rural settings. This paper investigates this situation in two municipalities in the upper Jequitinhonha Valley - a region strongly characterized by the presence of family farming - through an analysis of the history of two generations of farmers. The results indicate changes in inheritance patterns, educational levels and the traditional dynamics of the empowerment of youth, all of which in turn influence the life histories and the integration of migrants into the labor market. The article concludes that, in comparison with previous generations, fewer young people stay in the countryside, although this does not put the reproduction of family units in risk, because many people do stay in rural areas and take over properties at more advanced ages and higher educational levels than did previous generations.


La agricultura familiar es un sector clave para el abastecimiento alimentario, la generación de ocupaciones y el mantenimiento de las culturas propias del medio rural brasileño. De acuerdo con varios autores, la continuidad de este sector de agricultores ha sido amenazada por la gran emigración de jóvenes en función de transformaciones ocurridas en los medios urbano y rural. En este artículo se analiza esta situación en dos municipios del Alto Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais - región fuertemente marcada por la presencia de la agricultura familiar -, investigando las trayectorias emigratorias de dos generaciones de agricultores. Los resultados indican cambios en el estándar sucesorio, en los niveles de escolaridad y en la dinámica tradicional de capacitación de los jóvenes, lo que influye en los recorridos y en la inserción de los migrantes en el mercado laboral. El artículo concluye que, en comparación con la generación anterior, un menor número de jóvenes permanece en el medio rural. Pero esto no pone en riesgo la reproducción de la unidad familiar, ya que siguen existiendo sucesores, aunque estos tiendan a asumir la unidad productiva con más edad y escolaridad que la generación anterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Internal Migration/statistics & numerical data , Population Dynamics , Rural Population/trends , Working Conditions , Agriculture , Brazil , Educational Status , Income , Population Dynamics
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(4): 433-440, Jul-Aug/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-683336

ABSTRACT

Introduction The biological diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi strains plays an important role in the clinical and epidemiological features of Chagas disease. Methods Eight T. cruzi strains isolated from children living in a Chagas disease vector-controlled area of Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were genetically and biologically characterized. Results The characterizations demonstrated that all of the strains belonged to T. cruzi II, and showed high infectivity and a variable mean maximum peak of parasitemia. Six strains displayed low parasitemia, and two displayed moderate parasitemia. Later peaks of parasitemia and a predominance of intermediate and large trypomastigotes in all T. cruzi strains were observed. The mean pre-patent period was relatively short (4.2±0.25 to 13.7±3.08 days), whereas the patent period ranged from 3.3±1.08 to 34.5±3.52 days. Mortality was observed only in animals infected with strain 806 (62.5%). Histopathological analysis of the heart showed that strains 501 and 806 caused inflammation, but fibrosis was observed only in animals infected with strain 806. Conclusions The results indicate the presence of an association between the biological behavior in mice and the genetic characteristics of the parasites. The study also confirmed general data from Brazil where T. cruzi II lineage is the most prevalent in the domiciliary cycle and generally has low virulence, with some strains capable of inducing inflammatory processes and fibrosis. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Mice , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Parasitemia/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity , Brazil , Disease Models, Animal , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Genotype , Parasitemia/pathology , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzymology , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Virulence
5.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 11(1): 199-216, ene.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-677508

ABSTRACT

O artigo aborda a temática Educação Patrimonial e Arqueologia, sobretudo como pode ser trabalhada em sala de aula com crianças e adolescentes da Educação Básica, tendo como meio atividades práticas e lúdicas. Parte-se do princípio que a Educação Patrimonial apresenta como uma de suas metas o fomento da autoestima em diferentes comunidades detentoras do patrimônio, suscitando questões acerca da memória, identidade e do próprio patrimônio (material e imaterial), com vista à preservação e gestão dos bens culturais. O Programa "Arqueologia e Comunidades" tem como objetivo suscitar o sentimento de pertencimento ao mesmo tempo em que possa estimular o conhecimento e valorização dos testemunhos arqueológicos, principalmente aqueles relacionados à história indígena brasileira.


The article talks about Heritage Education and Archeology, especially as this relationship can be worked into the classroom with children and teenagers in basic education, using plays and practical activities. The Heritage Education has as one of its goals the promotion of self-esteem in different communities that hold cultural heritage. It raises questions about memory, identity and patrimony (material and immaterial), for the preservation and management of this cultural property. The Education Program "Archaeology and Communities" aims to raise the feeling of the belonging, while at the same time it can stimulate the knowledge and appreciation of archaeological remains, especially those related to the Brazilian indigenous history.


El artículo aborda la temática de la Educación Patrimonial y la Arqueología con énfasis en el trabajo con niños y adolescentes de la educación básica por medio de actividades prácticas y lúdicas. Se parte del principio que la Educación Patrimonial tiene como una de sus metas el fomento de la autoestima en diferentes comunidades detentoras del patrimonio, suscitando cuestiones acerca de la memoria, la identidad y el propio patrimonio (material e inmaterial) con vista a la preservación y gestión de los bienes culturales. El Programa "Arqueología y Comunidades" tiene como objetivo suscitar el sentimiento de pertenencia y al mismo tiempo el conocimiento y la valorización de los vestigios arqueológicos, principalmente aquellos relacionados con la historia indígena brasileña.


Subject(s)
Archaeology , Education , History
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(4): 391-396, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-460241

ABSTRACT

Impact of the vector control program was evaluated eight years after implantation of epidemiological surveillance for ChagasÆ disease in Berilo, a municipality in the Jequitinhonha Valley of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. In all 5,242 domiciliary units (96 percent of the total) were inspected and 10 found to be infested by the triatomine bug Triatoma pseudomaculata. Triatomines were found associated with bats inside one house and in the peridomiciles of the other nine. None of the 111 Triatoma pseudomaculata captured was infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Noireau et al16 traps were installed in (n=8) and around (n=100) the infested house but no Trypanpsoma cruzi-infected triatomines were found. None bat, opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and rat captured in the peridomicile were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi although 24 percent of the inhabitants of the house infested by Triatoma pseudomaculata were seropositive for the parasite, based on ELISA, IHA and IIF.


Oito anos após a implantação da vigilância epidemiológica para doença de Chagas em Berilo, Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG, Brasil, foi realizada uma pesquisa para verificar o impacto do Programa de Controle Vetorial. Neste trabalho, 5. 242 (96 por cento) unidades domiciliares foram vistoriadas. Dez estavam infestadas por Triatoma pseudomaculata. Em nove delas os insetos estavam infestando o peridomicílio e em uma casa foi constatado um foco intradomiciliar associado a morcegos. Foram capturados 111 insetos da espécie Triatoma pseudomaculata e nenhum exemplar estava infectado por Trypanosoma cruzi. Na casa infestada e em torno dela foram instaladas respectivamente 8 e 100 armadilhas de Noireau et al16 e nenhum triatomíneo foi capturado. Oitenta morcegos capturados e examinados também estavam negativos para Trypanosoma cruzi bem como três gambás (Didelphis albiventris) e um roedor, todos capturados no peridomicílio. Um porcentual de 24 por cento dos moradores das casas infestadas por Triatoma pseudomaculata foi sororeativo (ELISA, HAI e IFI) para Tripanosoma cruzi.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Rats , Disease Reservoirs , Housing , Insect Vectors , Triatoma , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Brazil/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Chiroptera/parasitology , Opossums/parasitology , Population Density , Population Surveillance , Prevalence
7.
Psicol. rev. (Belo Horizonte) ; 12(20): 193-213, dez. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491025

ABSTRACT

Pesquisa realizada pelo Programa Pólos de Cidadania, Faculdade de Direito/UFMG, em 2004, detectou a exploração sexual infanto-juvenil como um dos principais problemas de violação dos direitos humanos na região do Médio Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Nos dois anos seguintes, no intuito de prevenir a exploração sexual por meio da geração de trabalho e renda, o Programa Pólos realizou um projeto amplo de pesquisa-ação na região. Esse trabalho continua sob os auspícios da Secretaria Especial de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República. O presente artigo retoma algumas informações coletadas durante os trabalhos de campo, especialmente as entrevistas realizadas com crianças e adolescentes da região. O objetivo é o de analisar a alta incidência da violência na região e sua relação com a exploração sexual infanto-juvenil. Violência e medo são categorias recorrentes nos discursos analisados. A exploração sexual, violência sobre o corpo, é uma das suas manifestações.


In 2004, a research work carried out by the Programa Pólos de Cidadania (Citizenship Focus Program) of the Law School of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG detected the commercial sexual exploitation of children and teenagers as one of the main problems of human rights violation in the Medium Jequitinhonha Valley (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). In the following two years, aiming to prevent sexual exploitation by creating work and income, the Citizenship Focus Program developed a broad research-action project in the region.This work goes on sponsored by the Human Rights Special Secretary of the Brazilian Presidency.The article revisits data collected in the field work, especially interviews with children and teenagers in the region. It aims to analyze the persistence of violence and fear in the region, and their relation with children’s and teenagers’ sexual exploitation. Violence and fear are recurrent categories in the analyzed discourses. Sexual exploitation, a form of physical violence, is one of their manifestations.


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Child Abuse, Sexual , Human Rights Abuses , Sex Offenses , Sexual Behavior , Violence
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